What Is Each City in Iran Famous for? From Half of the World to the Land of Red Gold
- heliya erfani
- 2 hours ago
Iran is a land full of cities, each with its own unique identity and story. From the windcatchers of Yazd that cooled the desert air to the orange blossom gardens of Shiraz, from the green gold of Rafsanjan to the red gold of Qaenat, every city in Iran is known for a special title or characteristic. These titles are not merely symbolic names, but reflections of the history, culture, nature, and lifestyle of the people of that city. In this article, we will embark on a journey through various cities in Iran to discover what each city is famous for and why these titles have become forever intertwined with their names.
Yazd is known by everyone for its windcatchers—structures that transformed the scorching desert air into a cool breeze. In an era when there were no air conditioners or ventilation systems, windcatchers were the saviors of Yazdi homes. Even today, traces of this ingenious architecture can be found in the city’s mudbrick alleys. It is said that Yazd has the highest number of windcatchers in the world, and the tallest one, located in Dowlat Abad Garden, is over 270 years old. This magnificent windcatcher is a legacy of the Zand dynasty that continues to amaze visitors.
When we ask ourselves what each city in Iran is famous for, the name Rafsanjan immediately becomes tied to pistachios. Rafsanjan is known everywhere for its pistachios—a valuable product whose reputation has crossed Iran’s borders and gained many admirers in international markets. The pistachios of this city, thanks to their high quality and unique flavor, hold a special place in Iran’s agricultural exports. A simple stroll through the streets and alleys of Rafsanjan, with its lush pistachio orchards and local shops, clearly reveals why it is called the “Pistachio’s City” and the “City of Green Gold.” This product is not only an economic symbol of Rafsanjan but also an inseparable part of the identity and culture of its people.
Shiraz is a city where the scent of orange blossoms in spring refreshes every traveler’s soul. In April, the streets and gardens of Shiraz are filled with the fragrance of blossoms, creating a magical atmosphere. But Shiraz is not only about its blossoms. Persepolis and Pasargadae, reminders of the grandeur of the Achaemenid Empire, stand nearby, while Hafezieh and Saadieh embody the poetic spirit of Iran. This blend of history, culture, and nature is what makes Shiraz rightfully known as the “City of Orange Blossoms.”
Chabahar, located at the southernmost point of Iran, is the very place whose name is tied to the title “The Land of Eternal Spring.” No matter which season of the year you visit this port, a mild and pleasant climate awaits you, as if neither winter nor summer has ever found its way here. Lipar Lagoon, with its astonishing pink color, shines before your eyes like a painting and captivates every traveler. The miniature-like mountains, with their unique grooves and strange shapes, together with the endless waters of the Oman Sea, create a dreamlike image of Chabahar—a city whose nature is not only beautiful but also unique and unforgettable.
Damghan is one of the oldest and most authentic cities of Iran; a city whose roots go back thousands of years, and whose traces of history can still be seen in its streets and alleys. The Tarikhaneh Mosque, which many consider to be the oldest mosque in Iran, is a living testament to the antiquity and historical significance of this city. In the past, Damghan had many gates, a feature that earned it the title “City of a Hundred Gates.” Even today, when walking among its historical monuments and old neighborhoods, you feel as though you are leafing through a vast book of Iran’s history and Islamic architecture.
In this article on what each city in Iran is famous for, Isfahan is always among the first names that come to mind. Everyone knows Isfahan by its eternal title: “Half of the World.”
This nickname was not given without reason, for every corner of the city is filled with beauty, history, and art—so much so that it feels as if half of the world is contained within it. Naqsh-e Jahan Square, with its turquoise domes, shines like a jewel in the heart of the city.
Its old bazaars are still vibrant and colorful. Its historical bridges, such as Si-o-se-pol and Khajoo, reflect upon the Zayandeh Rud, creating breathtaking scenes. And Shah Mosque, an unparalleled masterpiece from the Safavid era, showcases the magnificence of Iranian architecture.
Isfahan is not just a tourist destination; it is a living and dynamic museum that reveals a new layer of Iran’s history and culture with every visit. Perhaps no single trip to Isfahan can ever encompass all of its wonders.
Kashan is known worldwide for its exquisite carpets, long considered symbols of Iranian art and elegance. Today, the city holds the title of the “World Capital of Machine-Woven Carpets” thanks to the quality and diversity of its production. But Kashan is more than carpets; it is also home to magnificent historic houses like the Borujerdi House and the Tabatabaei House, whose murals, stucco work, and architecture tell the story of aristocratic life in the Qajar era. Many of these houses have now been converted into traditional hotels, allowing travelers to experience history up close. The combination of art, industry, and architecture makes Kashan a beloved destination for tourists from around the world.
Kashan is known by most people for its exquisite carpets—masterpieces that have long symbolized the delicacy, authenticity, and artistry of Iran. Today, thanks to the quality and diversity of its products, the city has earned the title of “World Capital of Machine-Made Carpets.” But Kashan is not just about carpets. Hidden within it are historic houses such as the Borujerdi and Tabatabaei Houses, whose splendid architecture, murals, and stucco work tell vivid stories of aristocratic life during the Qajar era. Many of these houses have now been transformed into traditional hotels, offering a unique experience that takes visitors deep into the history and culture of Iran. This blend of art, industry, and architecture has made Kashan one of the most popular tourist destinations for both Iranian and international travelers.
Tabriz is famously known as the “City of Firsts.” Throughout history, it has been a pioneer in innovation and reform. Iran’s first printing house, the first school for the blind and deaf, the first women’s association, and even the first municipality were all established in Tabriz. Its importance was not limited to social developments; Tabriz was also the capital of Iran multiple times and played a key role in the country’s political and cultural history. Today, the historic Tabriz Bazaar, the largest covered bazaar in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, gives the city global fame. Tabriz is where tradition and modernity meet, from the melodies of Ashiqs in its alleys to modern industries shaping its future.
When it comes to saffron, the name of Qaenat immediately comes to mind. A city that produces the best and finest saffron in the world and has therefore been given the title “Capital of Red Gold.” The saffron fields in autumn, with their purple flowers and red stigmas, create a stunning landscape. Farming in Qaenat is not just a job, but part of the identity and life of the people of this region. Qaenat saffron is not only a well-known brand in Iran but also in international markets, and this is a source of pride for its people.
In the heart of Ardabil, there is a small but popular city called Sarein, which has become famous for its “hot springs.” These springs have been used for centuries to treat ailments such as rheumatism and joint pains. Today, modern hydrotherapy complexes have been built in this city, attracting thousands of domestic and foreign tourists every year. The combination of the cool climate of Mount Sabalan with the soothing warmth of the springs creates a unique experience for travelers. Sarein is not just a natural sanatorium but also a lively and joyful destination for families and tourists.
Bandar Anzali is best known for its spectacular lagoon, a wetland that is one of the most important habitats for migratory birds in Iran, welcoming flocks every year from Siberia and Northern Europe. But the main fame of Anzali Lagoon goes back to its water lilies; flowers that, from late spring to mid-summer, cover the water’s surface like a green and pink carpet, creating a dreamlike scene. Watching the floating lilies in the silence of the lagoon or boating among them is an experience that fascinates every traveler. With this dreamy lagoon, Anzali is not only a natural destination but also a symbol of peace and beauty in northern Iran.
Rasht is the largest city in northern Iran and is known as the “City of Rain.” Abundant rainfall keeps its streets and alleys constantly wet and alive. The people of Rasht have grown accustomed to the rain, and their lives are closely tied to it. This city is not only naturally beautiful but is also famous for its rich culture and diverse cuisine. The Rasht Bazaar is filled with the colors and aromas of local herbs and fresh fish, and even this simple experience can be memorable for any traveler. Rasht has also played an important cultural role in Iran’s modern history and still serves as the center of social and cultural events in the north of the country.
Abadan is called the “Brazil of Iran”—a title that may seem a little strange at first, but once you think about football in this city, the reason becomes clear. The love of the people of Abadan for football, the stadiums always filled with green and yellow flags, and the passion they display in local and national matches all recall the excitement of Brazilians. Old teams such as Sanat Naft Abadan have a long history, and even during the presence of the British, football in this city was one of the main entertainments. Abadan is not just an industrial city but a place whose spirit is tied to football and joy.
Ilam is called the “Land of Sunrise”; a title that has its roots in Babylonian inscriptions, where this land was referred to as the mountains and the place of the sun. Being located in the heart of the Zagros, Ilam has pristine and breathtaking landscapes, from oak forests and green plains to tall, towering mountains. This enchanting nature has given Ilam another title as well: “The Bride of Zagros.” Alongside its ancient history and rich culture, this province is a rare combination of natural beauty and Iranian authenticity, and traveling there will be an unforgettable experience for those interested in adventure and ecotourism.
Borujerd is located on the slopes of the Zagros and has landscapes that many compare to Europe. This city is known as the “Little Paris.” Its orderly streets, gardens, and flowing rivers that pass through the city have strengthened this resemblance. When you look around from the heights of Borujerd, you see villages and green plains whose image recalls romantic European paintings. This title is not just a metaphor, but a feeling that every visitor experiences when seeing the beauty of Borujerd.
Bastam is the birthplace of one of Iran’s greatest mystics, Bayazid Bastami. This alone was enough to give it the title “City of Mystics.” But the story does not end there, because in this city, there is also the mausoleum of another great mystic named Sheikh Abolhasan Kharaghani. The spiritual atmosphere of Bastam, along with the historical architecture of the mausoleums, has given the city a different aura. Walking through the alleys of Bastam, you feel that the spirit of mysticism and simplicity still flows in the lives of its people.
In response to the question of what each city in Iran is famous for, Bushehr shines with the deep connection of nature and culture. Bushehr is a city where nature and culture go hand in hand. Its green palm groves and date trees rising beside the turquoise waters of the Persian Gulf create a view that remains forever in the traveler’s memory.
But the identity of Bushehr is not limited to palm and sea; this city is also known for its rooted rituals and traditions. Ceremonies such as “Zar,” “Yazleh-gardani,” “Prayer for Rain,” and others have for centuries been an inseparable part of the life of Bushehr’s people.
This deep bond with traditions has given it the title “Land of Rituals.” The lively local music, native dances, and the warm hospitality of the people turn a trip to Bushehr into something beyond an ordinary journey, a journey that blends the taste of the sea and the scent of palms with the passion of life.
Behbahan is a city where flowers have a special language. Its winters are filled with the fragrance of narcissus flowers, and when spring arrives, the surrounding plains are covered with red poppies. This beautiful transformation has given Behbahan the title “City of Narcissus and Poppies.” Local narcissus festivals and the flower-filled fields are among the city’s main attractions. For travelers in search of poetic nature, Behbahan will be a dream destination.
Paveh, nestled in the green mountains of Kermanshah, owes its unique architecture to its fame as the “City of a Thousand Masouleh.” The stepped houses of Paveh are built on the mountain slopes in such a way that the roof of each house is the courtyard of another; an image that, like a painting, captures the eyes of every passerby. This special architecture, along with dense forests and pristine surrounding nature, has made Paveh a dream destination for nature lovers and adventurers. Walking through the narrow, stepped alleys of Paveh feels like a journey through time; a journey in which authentic Kurdish culture, the warm hospitality of its people, and breathtaking mountain landscapes all come together.
Jiroft, due to its unique climate and diverse agricultural products, is known as the “Little India” and the “California of Iran.” This city has a short and mild winter, and most of the year enjoys springlike or summer weather. These conditions have made Jiroft’s agricultural products very similar to tropical crops. Its palm groves, citrus orchards, and fertile lands have given this city a lush face rarely seen in the central regions of Iran.
When researching what each city in Iran is famous for, don’t forget the Bride of Iran. Ramsar, “The Bride of Iranian Cities,” is a city that has forest, sea, and mountains all together. This unique combination has made Ramsar one of the most popular tourist destinations in Iran. Its pleasant highland pastures, tea plantations, hot springs, and views of the Caspian Sea from atop the mountains create an unforgettable experience for travelers. Ramsar is a city where every corner offers charm for photography and memory-making.
Semnan is a city whose name is tied to peace and security; a place with low crime rates, a feature that has earned it the title “City of Ethics.” But the appeal of Semnan is not limited to its tranquility. If you walk through the villages and towns of this province, you will encounter an astonishing variety of dialects and accents; from Shahmirzad and Sangsar to Sorkheh and Kalpush, each region has its own tone and vocabulary. This linguistic diversity is so vast that Semnan has been called the “Ocean of Dialects.” The roots of these dialects go back to ancient Iran and their connection to the Median and Parthian languages, which doubles the cultural value of Semnan.
With the arrival of spring, the plains and slopes around Sanandaj are filled with red poppies, a natural carpet that creates a stunning and poetic landscape. This spectacular view has made Sanandaj famous as the “Land of Wild Poppies.” But the beauty of Sanandaj is not limited to nature alone. The rich Kurdish culture, pleasant music, and local dances, along with the warm hospitality of the people, breathe new life into this city. In spring, Kurdistan and especially Sanandaj gain a festive atmosphere; a colorful festival that is a combination of the red of the poppies and the green of nature, enchanting every traveler.
Sistan and Baluchestan is a land where contrasts sit side by side in the most beautiful way possible; the vast desert in the embrace of the Sea of Oman, green palm groves beside dry mountains and sand dunes, and people whose culture and rituals are as old as history. This province is not only unique in terms of nature, but it also has roots in Iranian legends and myths; the birthplace of Rostam, the hero of the Shahnameh, the seat of Yaqub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, and many other ancient heroes. For these reasons, Sistan and Baluchestan is called the “Land of Palm and Sun, Desert and Sea, and Myths.” Traveling to this region is not only for seeing natural landscapes; it is an experience of history, legend, and a living culture that transforms the spirit of every traveler.
When we ask ourselves what each city in Iran is famous for, Tabas is remembered with the title “Bride of the Desert.” A calm city in the heart of the desert, with wide and orderly streets, green palm groves amid the dry desert, and flower-filled gardens, has created a pleasant contrast that distinguishes Tabas from many other desert cities. This is not just a simple desert city; Tabas is considered one of the most important geological areas of Iran, and for this reason is also famous as the “Paradise of Geologists.” Every corner of this city has a story; from ancient qanats and historical gardens to the boundless tranquility of the desert at night. The combination of history, nature, and the magical silence of the desert has turned Tabas into a unique and unforgettable destination for travel enthusiasts.
Qazvin has long been known as the cradle of Iran’s calligraphy art. Names such as Mir Emad Qazvini, the great calligrapher of the Safavid era, still shine in the history of this city’s art, and his works are counted among the everlasting treasures of Iran. This rich heritage has made Qazvin be called the “Capital of Calligraphy in Iran.” But the charms of Qazvin are not limited to pen and ink; this city, with its valuable historical monuments such as the Jameh Mosque of Atiq, the Chehel Sotoun Mansion, old bazaars, and caravanserais, reveals a living image of Iranian history and culture. In truth, Qazvin is a city where art, history, and culture are beautifully intertwined.
If we want to know what each city in Iran is famous for, Qeshm is known as the “Land of the Seven Wonders.” Qeshm Island is rightly called the “Land of the Seven Wonders,” because every corner of it contains a manifestation of nature’s marvels. The Valley of Stars, with its mythical rocks, Kharbas Caves with their amazing natural architecture, the mangrove forests of Hara that come to life with the tide, and Namakdan Cave, which is considered the longest salt cave in the world, are only part of the island’s unique attractions. Qeshm is famous not only for its unique nature but also for the native culture and colorful traditions of its people. Local music, handicrafts, and special rituals turn a trip to Qeshm into a complete and unforgettable experience.
Gorgan is known as the “City of White Gold.” A title taken from its vast cotton fields. In the harvest season, the plains around the city are so covered with cotton plants that they look as if pieces of snow have settled on the ground. This eye-catching view not only has natural charm but also shows the economic importance of cotton in this region. For years, cotton cultivation in Gorgan has been an important part of farmers’ livelihoods and has played a prominent role in Iran’s textile industry.
Lorestan is known by everyone for its waterfalls, a place that rightly bears the title “Land of Waterfalls.” In the heart of the green mountains of this province, waterfalls such as Bisheh, Nozhian Waterfall, Wark Waterfall, and dozens of others pour down from the rocks and create dreamy landscapes. The flow of water, sometimes roaring and powerful and sometimes calm and gentle, falls like blue tresses on the rocky slopes and creates a poetic scene. This delightful combination of mountain, forest, and water has turned Lorestan into a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers in untouched lands. In the end, if we ask what each city in Iran is famous for, Lorestan is known for its numerous waterfalls.
Maragheh, in the time of Hulagu Khan, was one of the most important scientific centers of the Islamic world. The observatory built by the order of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi in this city is considered a turning point in the history of science and astronomy.
The importance of this city was so great that its fame spread beyond Iran’s borders and attracted many scholars; so much so that even today, the legacy of that era is still alive and introduces Maragheh as the “Capital of Astronomy in Iran.”
This observatory was equipped with a rich library and precise astronomical instruments, and the results of its research, in the form of the “zij-i Illkhani,” for years served as a reference for astronomical calculations. Maragheh is an inspiring destination for those interested in the history of science; a place where, by seeing its remains, one can take a short journey to a glorious past; a time when Iranian knowledge and culture were at the peak of their flourishing.
Iran is a country where every corner holds a new story for travelers. Each city, with its nickname and distinctive character, offers a gateway into the history, culture, and natural beauty of this land. Knowing these nicknames is not just a play on words—it is a deeper way of understanding the identity of its people and their bond with their environment and history. From rainy Rasht in the north to evergreen Chabahar in the south, from Isfahan’s “Half of the World”, Iran is a collection of colors, tastes, sounds, and memories. It is this diversity and beauty that make traveling across Iran endlessly full of wonder.
